Introduction Central Texas has one of the most geologically diverse small regions to be found anywhere in the world. The many geologic layers, folds and faults cause different types of soil to outcrop in great profusion in this region. Many people have heard of the Balcones Fault. This is a system of many faults that runs roughly North and South. It can be seen along and approximately paralleling MoPac on…
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One of the more disagreeable features of construction concrete is its ability to generate cracks. Cracks are of several varieties. Some are very fine, almost invisible to the naked eye, some are large and ominous looking. There are two basic types of cracks; the first type is shrinkage related while the second type is external stress related. Of the two types, shrinkage is probably the most common and causes the…
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Most single and multi-family residences and significant number of small to mid size commercial structures utilize wood framing for structural support. Terms: Timber Framing – refers to heavy timber 8″ x 8” or larger. Lumber – surface finished (S4S) wood members equal to or smaller than 6″ x 6″ or 2″ x 14″. GLU-LAM – glued laminated layers of wood shaped to create strong, larger framing members sized from 3″…
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Fill is a broad subject that is frequently a factor in residential foundation construction. Most often, fill is a legacy the builder inherits when he buys lots which have been filled by the developer. Fill can generally be divided into three types: Engineered fill Forming fill Uncontrolled fill Engineered fill is that which has been designed by an engineer for the purposes at hand and has been placed under engineering…
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Of the various types of balconies, the overhanging or cantilever types are potentially the most dangerous. Balconies can be found on single family dwellings, but most frequently are found in condominiums or apartments. A balcony can totally collapse if it becomes structurally unsound. Many deaths and serious injuries have resulted from collapse. Balcony live loadings are required to be higher than other parts of residential structures by building codes. The…
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